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Cardiac Reserve



  • The cardiac reserve is the extra volume of blood that the heart can pump beyond that during the normal restful condition.

  • Normally it's about 300-400%. i.e. the cardiac output can increase up to 3 to 4 times that of resting condition when needed.

  • Increases: In trained athletes.

  • Decreases: With age & in pathological conditions.

 

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